Annelid Dissection
Q: What is the name of the pumping organs of an earthworm?
A: Pumping organs of an earthworm are called Aortic Arches.
Q: In the earthworm, trace the parts of the digestive tract though which food passes.
A: Goes though mouth-pharynx-esophagus-cops-gizzard-intestine, then out through the anus.
Q: Which parts of the earthworm's body that you saw are included in the excretory system?
A: Anus, for solid wastes and Nephridia, acting like a kidney for metabolic waste of ammonium.
Q: Among the earthworm's structural adaptations are its setae. How do you think the earthworm's setae make it well adapted to its habitat?
A: The setae help prevent the worm from slipping allowing the worm to move faster and more efficient.
Q: How is the earthworm's digestive system adapted for extracting relatively small amounts of food from large amounts of ingested soil?
A: The crop stores food while the gizzard which acts like a mechanical digestion system breaks down food and decomposes it.
Q: What did each germ layer develop into in the earthworm?
A: Ectoderm develops the outer layer which has the skin and nervous system. Endoderm develops into the inner layer, organs and digestive tract. Mesoderm develops into the middle layer with the muscles.
Q: What is the function of the nephridium? How does it complete this function?
A: The Nephridia acts like a kidney. It filters blood and excretes waste through blood vessels.
Q: How is the sandworm similar and different to the earthworm?
A: Similarities - segmented, annelids, nephridia and anus, same circulatory system
Difference - sandworms have pinchers around mouth to capture prey and lives in water and have more parapodas (Polychaeta)
earthworms have skin and setae (Oligochaeta)
Q: How is the leech designed to live as an ectoparasite? What are the similarities and differences between the leach and earthworm?
A: They have suckers that contain anasthetic so you don't feel the suckers attach to the skin and suck the blood. Some similarities are having a c coelom and being segmented. Differences are the while earthworms are free-living and can decompose, leeches are ectoparasites and need a host for nutrients(blood).
A: Pumping organs of an earthworm are called Aortic Arches.
Q: In the earthworm, trace the parts of the digestive tract though which food passes.
A: Goes though mouth-pharynx-esophagus-cops-gizzard-intestine, then out through the anus.
Q: Which parts of the earthworm's body that you saw are included in the excretory system?
A: Anus, for solid wastes and Nephridia, acting like a kidney for metabolic waste of ammonium.
Q: Among the earthworm's structural adaptations are its setae. How do you think the earthworm's setae make it well adapted to its habitat?
A: The setae help prevent the worm from slipping allowing the worm to move faster and more efficient.
Q: How is the earthworm's digestive system adapted for extracting relatively small amounts of food from large amounts of ingested soil?
A: The crop stores food while the gizzard which acts like a mechanical digestion system breaks down food and decomposes it.
Q: What did each germ layer develop into in the earthworm?
A: Ectoderm develops the outer layer which has the skin and nervous system. Endoderm develops into the inner layer, organs and digestive tract. Mesoderm develops into the middle layer with the muscles.
Q: What is the function of the nephridium? How does it complete this function?
A: The Nephridia acts like a kidney. It filters blood and excretes waste through blood vessels.
Q: How is the sandworm similar and different to the earthworm?
A: Similarities - segmented, annelids, nephridia and anus, same circulatory system
Difference - sandworms have pinchers around mouth to capture prey and lives in water and have more parapodas (Polychaeta)
earthworms have skin and setae (Oligochaeta)
Q: How is the leech designed to live as an ectoparasite? What are the similarities and differences between the leach and earthworm?
A: They have suckers that contain anasthetic so you don't feel the suckers attach to the skin and suck the blood. Some similarities are having a c coelom and being segmented. Differences are the while earthworms are free-living and can decompose, leeches are ectoparasites and need a host for nutrients(blood).
Mollusk Dissection
Q: How are arms and tentacles similar and different?
A: Similarities - both have sucking discs, derived from foot, used to grab food and prey and for movement
Differencces - arms are shorter than tentacles, suction cups at end of tentacles and different amount of each thing
Q: How are cephalopods similar and different to bivalves?
A: Similarities - both in Phylum Molluska therefore have a foot, mantle and visceral mass. Have exoskeleton made of chiton and both breathe through gills
Differences - While Bivalves are sessile unless underattack and filter feeders, Cephalopods are motile, hunters and have better sensory organs
Q: Was your squid a boy or a girl? How did you determine this?
A: Our squid was a girl/female. It's jelly-like substance where the female reproductive organs and eggs are under the mantle. While a male will have white substances instead which are sperm.
Q: Trace the path of food through your squid.
A: Food enters through mouth- digestive glands- stomach- anus.
Q: Why are the brachial hearts so close to the gills?
A: Faster and shorter route for the oxygen to get to the heart making it more efficient.
A: Similarities - both have sucking discs, derived from foot, used to grab food and prey and for movement
Differencces - arms are shorter than tentacles, suction cups at end of tentacles and different amount of each thing
Q: How are cephalopods similar and different to bivalves?
A: Similarities - both in Phylum Molluska therefore have a foot, mantle and visceral mass. Have exoskeleton made of chiton and both breathe through gills
Differences - While Bivalves are sessile unless underattack and filter feeders, Cephalopods are motile, hunters and have better sensory organs
Q: Was your squid a boy or a girl? How did you determine this?
A: Our squid was a girl/female. It's jelly-like substance where the female reproductive organs and eggs are under the mantle. While a male will have white substances instead which are sperm.
Q: Trace the path of food through your squid.
A: Food enters through mouth- digestive glands- stomach- anus.
Q: Why are the brachial hearts so close to the gills?
A: Faster and shorter route for the oxygen to get to the heart making it more efficient.
Arthropod Dissection
Q: How many pairs of appendages did your crayfish have?
A: 6pairs of appendages.
Q: How does the thickness of the exoskeleton around the joint compare with the thickness around the rest of the leg?
A: Join is thinner but exoskeleton is thicker for muscle and tendants for support and movement.
Q: Was your crayfish a male or female?
A: Our crayfish was a male. He was big and long and had long set of swimmerets, pseudopenis.
Q: Why is there so much surface area on the gills of the crayfish?
A: So they are able to take in more oxygen. More ability/area for gas exchange.
Q: Digestive system and structures where food would pass through?
A: mouth-esophagus-stomach-intestine-anus. Metabolic waste filtered through green glands like a kidney.
Q: Which appendage(s) is used to:
A: Sense- compound eye, antennae, antennules
Defend- cheliped
Mate- pseudopenis(male), swimmerets to hold eggs(female)
Eat- cheliped, pinchers
Chew- mandibles, maxillipeds
Move Backwards- tail
Move Forwards- walking legs
Swim- swimmerets, tail
Q: How are arthropods more advanced than other phyla that we have looked at thus far?
A: flight - segmented with specialization - developed jointed appendages - social behaviour - exoskeleton - more sufficient circulatory system - moulting- one ventral cord and heart - advanced respiratory and excretory systems
Q: Why are the insects so prolific while the crayfish are not?
A: Size- tiny-don't eat much, can hide
Short Life Span- develop faster and reproduce fast too
Exoskeleton- hard and great strength
Flight- many advantages, new habitat(air)
Camouflage- adaption
Social Behaviour
Advanced sensory organs
Advanced respiratory system
A: 6pairs of appendages.
Q: How does the thickness of the exoskeleton around the joint compare with the thickness around the rest of the leg?
A: Join is thinner but exoskeleton is thicker for muscle and tendants for support and movement.
Q: Was your crayfish a male or female?
A: Our crayfish was a male. He was big and long and had long set of swimmerets, pseudopenis.
Q: Why is there so much surface area on the gills of the crayfish?
A: So they are able to take in more oxygen. More ability/area for gas exchange.
Q: Digestive system and structures where food would pass through?
A: mouth-esophagus-stomach-intestine-anus. Metabolic waste filtered through green glands like a kidney.
Q: Which appendage(s) is used to:
A: Sense- compound eye, antennae, antennules
Defend- cheliped
Mate- pseudopenis(male), swimmerets to hold eggs(female)
Eat- cheliped, pinchers
Chew- mandibles, maxillipeds
Move Backwards- tail
Move Forwards- walking legs
Swim- swimmerets, tail
Q: How are arthropods more advanced than other phyla that we have looked at thus far?
A: flight - segmented with specialization - developed jointed appendages - social behaviour - exoskeleton - more sufficient circulatory system - moulting- one ventral cord and heart - advanced respiratory and excretory systems
Q: Why are the insects so prolific while the crayfish are not?
A: Size- tiny-don't eat much, can hide
Short Life Span- develop faster and reproduce fast too
Exoskeleton- hard and great strength
Flight- many advantages, new habitat(air)
Camouflage- adaption
Social Behaviour
Advanced sensory organs
Advanced respiratory system
Echinodermata Dissection
Q: What type of symmetry did your sea star have?
A: Pentaradial Symmetry
Q: How many arms or rays does your sea star have?
A: it has 5 arms
Q: What is the upper surface of the starfish called?
A: Aboral Surface
Q: What is the lower surface of the starfish called?
A: Oral Surface
Q: On which surface are these parts of a sea star visible:
A: Mouth- Oral surface
Madreporite- Aboral surface
Suckers- Oral surface
Oral Spines- Oral surface
Eyespots- on tip of rya
Ambulacral Groove- Oral surface
Q: What part of the tube foot creates suction to open clams whenever the sea star feeds?
A: Ampulla
Q: Why do the gonads sometimes appear larger?
A: Sea star could have gone or been going through reproductive phase
Q: What type of skeleton, endoskeleton or exoskeleton, does the sea star have?
A: endoskeleton, they have ossicle plates surround the muscle
Q: What bony plates make up its skeleton?
A: Ossicles
Q: What is the function of the pyloric caeca?
A: produces enzymes that help the digestive system
Q: Where is the stomach of a sea star located? What can the sea star do with it's stomach when feeding on clams and oysters?
A: The central disk contains the pyloric stomach and the cardiac stomach. The cardiac stomach contains the mouth and when the sea star is feeding the cardiac stomach comes out of the shell to wrap itself around prey and mouth feeds on prey.
A: Pentaradial Symmetry
Q: How many arms or rays does your sea star have?
A: it has 5 arms
Q: What is the upper surface of the starfish called?
A: Aboral Surface
Q: What is the lower surface of the starfish called?
A: Oral Surface
Q: On which surface are these parts of a sea star visible:
A: Mouth- Oral surface
Madreporite- Aboral surface
Suckers- Oral surface
Oral Spines- Oral surface
Eyespots- on tip of rya
Ambulacral Groove- Oral surface
Q: What part of the tube foot creates suction to open clams whenever the sea star feeds?
A: Ampulla
Q: Why do the gonads sometimes appear larger?
A: Sea star could have gone or been going through reproductive phase
Q: What type of skeleton, endoskeleton or exoskeleton, does the sea star have?
A: endoskeleton, they have ossicle plates surround the muscle
Q: What bony plates make up its skeleton?
A: Ossicles
Q: What is the function of the pyloric caeca?
A: produces enzymes that help the digestive system
Q: Where is the stomach of a sea star located? What can the sea star do with it's stomach when feeding on clams and oysters?
A: The central disk contains the pyloric stomach and the cardiac stomach. The cardiac stomach contains the mouth and when the sea star is feeding the cardiac stomach comes out of the shell to wrap itself around prey and mouth feeds on prey.